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Ruhollah Khomeini
Supreme Leader of Iran from to
For other people named Khomeini, see Khomeini (name).
"Khomeini" redirects here. Not to be confused with his successor, Ali Khamenei.
Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini[b] (17 May or 24 September [a]&#;&#; 3 June ) was an Iranian Islamist revolutionary, politician and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from until his death in He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the main leader of the Iranian revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and ended the Iranian monarchy. Ideologically a Shia Islamist, Khomeini's religious and political ideas are known as Khomeinism.
Born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province, his father was murdered in when Khomeini was just two years old. He began studying the Quran and Arabic from a young age and was assisted in his religious studies by his relatives, including his mother's cousin and older brother. Khomeini was a high ranking cleric in Twelver Shi'ism, an ayatollah, a marja' ("source of emulation"), a mujtahid or faqīh (an expert in sharia), and author of more than 40 books. His opposition to the White Revolution resulted in his state-sponsored expulsion to Bursa in Nearly a year later, he moved t
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Ahmadinejad: The Secret History of Iran’s Radical Leader
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FOREWORD The election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to the presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran in catapulted a hitherto obscure radical politician on to the international stage. Since then, he has rarely been off it. Exploiting the surprise which his dramatic election victory engendered among observers of Iranian politics, Ahmadinejad has shown tremendous energy in maintaining the momentum of his dramatis persona. Nearly a century ago, the American banker Morgan Shuster, similarly bewildered by the political activity he had encountered, commented that Iranian politics could perhaps best be described as an opera bouffe, a comic opera in which players enter and exit the stage with alarming speed and often change their political clothes in the process. Whether one agrees with Shuster’s observation or not, there can be little doubt that the image of a vast political theatre is one that commends itself well to the Iranian environment. And Iran’s politicians, for all their seriousness, have long been renowned for showmanship. Dr Mohammad Mosaddeq regularly invited both awe and ridicule for his emotional outbursts, and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has likewise been known for shedding the occasional tear at momen